Estrogen is one of the key sex hormones that plays an important role in both males and females. It is responsible for development of secondary sexual characteristics and regulates many functions in the reproductive system and other parts of the body.
Some key points about estrogen:
- Estrogen is commonly associated with females, but men also produce small amounts of this hormone. It contributes to bone health, sperm production, and sex drive in men.
- In women, estrogen levels peak during the reproductive years. It is essential for the menstrual cycle, develops female body contours, regulates mood, and keeps tissues like skin and vaginal lining healthy.
- There are three major types of estrogen - estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Estradiol is the predominant and most potent one produced in the ovaries.
Effects of estrogen on female body:
- Stimulates growth of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle to prepare the body for pregnancy
- Contributes to maturation of eggs in the ovaries
- Helps build and maintain bone density
- Regulates cholesterol levels
- Influences release of other hormones in the brain that impact pain sensation, temperature regulation etc.
During
menopause, estrogen levels decline permanently as women stop having periods. This often causes symptoms like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, mood changes, trouble sleeping etc. Hormone therapy can provide relief by replenishing estrogen.